This dramatic assassination occurred on the Ides of March (March 15th) in 44 BC and led to another Roman civil war. This forced the hand of a friend of Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus, who then conspired with others to murder the dictator and restore the Republic. He was proclaimed dictator for life, and he heavily centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic. After assuming control of the government, he began extensive reforms of Roman society and government. Leading his legions across the Rubicon, Caesar sparked civil war in 49 BC that left him the undisputed master of the Roman world. Caesar was widely considered to be one of the foremost military geniuses of his time, as well as a brilliant politician and one of the ancient world's strongest leaders. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, and he was also responsible for the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Gaius Julius Caesar (IPA: ), July 12 or July 13, 100 BC March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. Within a hundred years after its introduction, the Julian calendar was the staple of time in the Roman Empire and would be used by the civil world for over 1,600 years.Consort 1) Cornelia Cinna minor 84 BC68 BC

Only nine years after its initiation, the Roman scholar and writer Varro (116-27 BC) was using the system to fix dates for the start of seasons. The Julian calendar and its ease of use were an immediate success in the Roman world.

The Senate won that fight and modern New Years always commence on January 1. Roman scholar/writer Varro, 116-27 BC Janus was the ancient Roman god of time Caesar wanted the new calendar to begin with his rule, but the Senate had always started a new year on January 1, the month named after the god Janus who had two faces, one looking ahead to the future and the other looking back to the past. The Egyptian calendar was a simple one of 365 days with an extra day (an intercalary leap year day) every fourth year in order to make up for the drift of the vernal equinox. The Roman AUC calendar had been so inaccurate that even though Caesar had crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC, several years later that date fell in mid-Autumn. The 52-year-old Caesar spent enough time with the 22-year-old Cleopatra to have a child by her named Caesarion, but unlike his luckless cousin Mark Antony, Caesar was not to be deterred from his destiny by the considerable charms and arms of Cleopatra. When he returned to Rome, he initiated the Egyptian calendar in c. 69 – 30 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, 100 – 44 BC Caesar’s years spent with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra and her astronomer Sosigenes convinced him to institute a calendar based on Alexandrian reckonings when he returned to Rome. The advanced Egyptians determined the tropical year at 365 days, very close to the actual calculation of 365.24219 days. Our calendar still calls a “month” a maenon from the ancient word for “moon” as a measurement of time. While in Egypt with Cleopatra (48-46 BC), Caesar recognized the superiority of the Egyptian way of calculating time based on the movements of the sun rather than the Roman AUC ( Ab Urba Condito–From The Founding Of The City of Rome) calendar based on lunar movements. Our month of July is named after Julius whose birthdate was July 12 or 13, 100 BC. Share The Julian Calendar preserved on stoneĮven though his time of infallible power was brief, Julius Caesar, like Jesus Christ, became a man after whom time is computed.ĬLICK HERE to read article: The Assassination of Julius Caesar Mathematician Sosigenes

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